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<title>Apache mod_rewrite Introduction - Apache HTTP Server</title>
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<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> &gt; <a href="../">Version 2.0</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Apache mod_rewrite Introduction</h1>
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<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/rewrite/rewrite_intro.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a></p>
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<p>This document supplements the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>
<a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">reference documentation</a>. It
describes the basic concepts necessary for use of
<code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>. Other documents go into greater detail,
but this doc should help the beginner get their feet wet.
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<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#introduction">Introduction</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#regex">Regular Expressions</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#rewriterule">RewriteRule basics</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#flags">Rewrite Flags</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#rewritecond">Rewrite conditions</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#rewritemap">Rewrite maps</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#htaccess">.htaccess files</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#EnvVar">Environment Variables</a></li>
</ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">Module
documentation</a></li><li><a href="rewrite_tech.html">Technical details</a></li><li><a href="rewrite_guide.html">Practical solutions to common
problems</a></li></ul></div>
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<h2><a name="introduction" id="introduction">Introduction</a></h2>
<p>The Apache module <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> is a very powerful and
sophisticated module which provides a way to do URL manipulations. With
it, you can do nearly all types of URL rewriting that you may need. It
is, however, somewhat complex, and may be intimidating to the beginner.
There is also a tendency to treat rewrite rules as magic incantation,
using them without actually understanding what they do.</p>

<p>This document attempts to give sufficient background so that what
follows is understood, rather than just copied blindly.
</p>
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<div class="section">
<h2><a name="regex" id="regex">Regular Expressions</a></h2>
<p>Basic regex building blocks</p>
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<div class="section">
<h2><a name="rewriterule" id="rewriterule">RewriteRule basics</a></h2>
<p>
Basic anatomy of a RewriteRule, with exhaustively annotated simple
examples.
</p>
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<div class="section">
<h2><a name="flags" id="flags">Rewrite Flags</a></h2>
<p>Discussion of the flags to RewriteRule, and when and why one might
use them.</p>
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<div class="section">
<h2><a name="rewritecond" id="rewritecond">Rewrite conditions</a></h2>
<p>Discussion of RewriteCond, looping, and other related concepts.
</p>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="rewritemap" id="rewritemap">Rewrite maps</a></h2>
<p>Discussion of RewriteMap, including simple, but heavily annotated,
examples.</p>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="htaccess" id="htaccess">.htaccess files</a></h2>
<p>Discussion of the differences between rewrite rules in httpd.conf and
in .htaccess files.</p>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="EnvVar" id="EnvVar">Environment Variables</a></h2>

<p>This module keeps track of two additional (non-standard)
CGI/SSI environment variables named <code>SCRIPT_URL</code>
and <code>SCRIPT_URI</code>. These contain the
<em>logical</em> Web-view to the current resource, while the
standard CGI/SSI variables <code>SCRIPT_NAME</code> and
<code>SCRIPT_FILENAME</code> contain the <em>physical</em>
System-view. </p>

<p>Notice: These variables hold the URI/URL <em>as they were
initially requested</em>, <em>i.e.</em>, <em>before</em> any
rewriting. This is important because the rewriting process is
primarily used to rewrite logical URLs to physical
pathnames.</p>

<div class="example"><h3>Example</h3><pre>
SCRIPT_NAME=/sw/lib/w3s/tree/global/u/rse/.www/index.html
SCRIPT_FILENAME=/u/rse/.www/index.html
SCRIPT_URL=/u/rse/
SCRIPT_URI=http://en1.engelschall.com/u/rse/
</pre></div>

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