This example uses OpenLayers v10.9.0. The latest is v.
Edit

#### Custom Canvas Tiles

layers 2 vectortiles 6 tms 1 canvas 6

#####

Renders tiles with TMS coordinates for debugging.

The black grid tiles are generated on the client with an HTML5 canvas. The displayed TMS tile coordinates are produced using a custom template for TMS, the vector tile source's 512 pixel tile grid and the `zDirection` setting for vector tiles. Notice how the country polygons can be split between tiles and vector labels may appear in each tile.

##### main.js

    import Map from 'ol/Map.js';
    import View from 'ol/View.js';
    import MVT from 'ol/format/MVT.js';
    import TileLayer from 'ol/layer/Tile.js';
    import VectorTileLayer from 'ol/layer/VectorTile.js';
    import TileDebug from 'ol/source/TileDebug.js';
    import VectorTileSource from 'ol/source/VectorTile.js';
    import Fill from 'ol/style/Fill.js';
    import Stroke from 'ol/style/Stroke.js';
    import Style from 'ol/style/Style.js';
    import Text from 'ol/style/Text.js';

    const style = new Style({
      fill: new Fill({
        color: 'rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6)',
      }),
      stroke: new Stroke({
        color: '#319FD3',
        width: 1,
      }),
      text: new Text({
        font: '12px Calibri,sans-serif',
        fill: new Fill({
          color: '#000',
        }),
        stroke: new Stroke({
          color: '#fff',
          width: 3,
        }),
      }),
    });

    const vtLayer = new VectorTileLayer({
      declutter: true,
      source: new VectorTileSource({
        maxZoom: 15,
        format: new MVT(),
        url:
          'https://ahocevar.com/geoserver/gwc/service/tms/1.0.0/' +
          'ne:ne_10m_admin_0_countries@EPSG%3A900913@pbf/{z}/{x}/{-y}.pbf',
      }),
      style: function (feature) {
        style.getText().setText(feature.get('name'));
        return style;
      },
    });

    const debugLayer = new TileLayer({
      source: new TileDebug({
        template: 'z:{z} x:{x} y:{-y}',
        projection: vtLayer.getSource().getProjection(),
        tileGrid: vtLayer.getSource().getTileGrid(),
        zDirection: 1,
      }),
    });

    const map = new Map({
      layers: [vtLayer, debugLayer],
      target: 'map',
      view: new View({
        center: [0, 6000000],
        zoom: 4,
      }),
    });

##### index.html

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
      <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Custom Canvas Tiles</title>
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="node_modules/ol/ol.css">
        <style>
          .map {
            width: 100%;
            height: 400px;
          }
        </style>
      </head>
      <body>
        <div id="map" class="map"></div>

        <script type="module" src="main.js"></script>
      </body>
    </html>

##### package.json

    {
      "name": "canvas-tiles-tms",
      "dependencies": {
        "ol": "10.9.0"
      },
      "devDependencies": {
        "vite": "^3.2.3"
      },
      "scripts": {
        "start": "vite",
        "build": "vite build"
      }
    }